1991 ATP Surface Speed Ratings

My surface-speed metric uses ace rate--adjusted for the servers and returners in each match--to rate each tournament by surface speed. Thus, the number indirectly accounts for everything that influenced play: temperature, humidity, wind, balls, and of course the physical surface.

Ratings greater than 1 are faster than average. For example, a rating of 1.25 indicates that the players hit 25% more aces than they would have on a tour-average surface.

Click here for the most recent ratings, or choose another season:

Date	Tournament	Surface	Ace%	Surface Speed
22-Jul-1991	Hilversum	Clay	5.9%	1.62
04-Feb-1991	San Francisco	Carpet	6.8%	1.50
23-Sep-1991	Basel	Hard	10.3%	1.48
11-Feb-1991	Brussels	Carpet	10.6%	1.44
12-Nov-1991	Tour Finals	Carpet	15.7%	1.37
04-Nov-1991	Birmingham	Carpet	8.9%	1.30
14-Oct-1991	Vienna	Carpet	7.0%	1.28
04-Nov-1991	Sao Paulo	Hard	5.3%	1.27
08-Jul-1991	Newport	Grass	13.4%	1.25
07-Oct-1991	Tokyo Indoor	Carpet	10.8%	1.24
24-Jun-1991	Wimbledon	Grass	9.2%	1.23
04-Mar-1991	Copenhagen	Carpet	7.7%	1.21
28-Oct-1991	Paris Masters	Carpet	9.7%	1.20
07-Oct-1991	Tel Aviv	Hard	13.8%	1.20
14-Oct-1991	Lyon	Carpet	8.1%	1.18
21-Oct-1991	Guaruja	Hard	5.5%	1.17
21-Oct-1991	Stockholm Masters	Carpet	9.9%	1.17
17-Jun-1991	Manchester	Grass	8.1%	1.16
22-Apr-1991	Singapore	Hard	4.7%	1.15
30-Sep-1991	Athens	Clay	3.0%	1.15
05-Aug-1991	Cincinnati Masters	Hard	9.5%	1.15
10-Jun-1991	Queen's Club	Grass	6.5%	1.14
18-Feb-1991	Stuttgart Indoor	Carpet	7.5%	1.14
23-Sep-1991	Brisbane	Hard	5.0%	1.13
07-Oct-1991	Berlin	Carpet	5.8%	1.12
25-Feb-1991	Rotterdam	Carpet	8.4%	1.11
26-Aug-1991	US Open	Hard	7.4%	1.11
04-Mar-1991	Indian Wells Masters	Hard	6.9%	1.11
12-Aug-1991	New Haven	Hard	7.5%	1.10
31-Dec-1990	Adelaide	Hard	6.5%	1.10
18-Feb-1991	Memphis	Hard	7.7%	1.08
04-Nov-1991	Moscow	Carpet	7.3%	1.08
04-Feb-1991	Guaruja	Hard	6.7%	1.08
01-Apr-1991	Orlando	Hard	9.4%	1.07
08-Jul-1991	Gstaad	Clay	7.7%	1.06
29-Jul-1991	Kitzbuhel	Clay	5.3%	1.06
08-Apr-1991	Tokyo Outdoor	Hard	6.9%	1.04
11-Feb-1991	Philadelphia	Carpet	7.0%	1.02
09-Sep-1991	Geneva	Clay	3.7%	1.00
30-Sep-1991	Toulouse	Hard	8.3%	1.00
09-Sep-1991	Brasilia	Carpet	5.7%	1.00
07-Jan-1991	Auckland	Hard	5.7%	1.00
15-Jul-1991	Washington	Hard	5.8%	1.00
15-Jul-1991	Stuttgart Outdoor	Clay	5.8%	0.99
07-Jan-1991	Sydney Outdoor	Hard	6.6%	0.99
22-Jul-1991	Canada Masters	Hard	6.9%	0.98
25-Feb-1991	Chicago	Carpet	6.4%	0.98
29-Jul-1991	Los Angeles	Hard	8.4%	0.98
15-Mar-1991	Miami Masters	Hard	6.4%	0.97
12-Aug-1991	Indianapolis	Hard	7.1%	0.96
30-Sep-1991	Sydney Indoor	Hard	8.9%	0.96
23-Sep-1991	Palermo	Clay	4.5%	0.96
04-Feb-1991	Milan	Carpet	7.5%	0.95
10-Jun-1991	Rosmalen	Grass	9.0%	0.93
09-Sep-1991	Bordeaux	Hard	6.4%	0.93
28-Oct-1991	Buzios	Hard	4.0%	0.90
31-Dec-1990	Wellington	Hard	5.2%	0.89
10-Jun-1991	Florence	Clay	3.5%	0.89
14-Jan-1991	Australian Open	Hard	5.8%	0.88
19-Aug-1991	Schenectady	Hard	6.4%	0.85
01-Apr-1991	Hong Kong	Hard	6.4%	0.84
29-Apr-1991	Tampa	Clay	5.4%	0.83
08-Apr-1991	Barcelona	Clay	3.8%	0.83
06-May-1991	Charlotte	Clay	5.6%	0.82
17-Jun-1991	Genova	Clay	2.9%	0.80
29-Apr-1991	Munich	Clay	4.0%	0.78
19-Aug-1991	Long Island	Hard	5.5%	0.76
29-Jul-1991	San Marino	Clay	2.3%	0.75
27-May-1991	Roland Garros	Clay	4.8%	0.68
29-Apr-1991	Madrid	Clay	4.4%	0.67
20-May-1991	Bologna	Clay	4.1%	0.65
08-Jul-1991	Bastad	Clay	3.0%	0.61
15-Apr-1991	Seoul	Hard	3.1%	0.61
06-May-1991	Hamburg Masters	Clay	3.5%	0.61
13-May-1991	Rome Masters	Clay	3.3%	0.61
13-May-1991	Umag	Clay	3.4%	0.60
05-Aug-1991	Prague	Clay	2.9%	0.59
15-Apr-1991	Nice	Clay	2.9%	0.59
01-Apr-1991	Estoril	Clay	3.0%	0.57
22-Apr-1991	Monte Carlo Masters	Clay	3.1%	0.52

tennisabstract.com

1991 ATP Surface Speed Ratings