2016 ATP Surface Speed Ratings

My surface-speed metric uses ace rate--adjusted for the servers and returners in each match--to rate each tournament by surface speed. Thus, the number indirectly accounts for everything that influenced play: temperature, humidity, wind, balls, and of course the physical surface.

Ratings greater than 1 are faster than average. For example, a rating of 1.25 indicates that the players hit 25% more aces than they would have on a tour-average surface.

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DateTournamentSurfaceAce%Surface Speed
01-Feb-2016QuitoClay12.4%1.54
26-Sep-2016ShenzhenHard12.9%1.50
15-Feb-2016MarseilleHard16.8%1.41
06-Jun-2016StuttgartGrass13.5%1.39
19-Sep-2016MetzHard12.6%1.38
26-Sep-2016ChengduHard11.5%1.27
18-Jul-2016WashingtonHard19.3%1.26
18-Jan-2016Australian OpenHard12.0%1.26
15-Aug-2016Cincinnati MastersHard14.0%1.20
31-Oct-2016Paris MastersHard13.7%1.19
13-Jun-2016Queen's ClubGrass14.5%1.19
04-Jan-2016DohaHard9.2%1.17
11-Jan-2016SydneyHard10.6%1.17
11-Jan-2016AucklandHard12.9%1.16
25-Jul-2016Canada MastersHard12.6%1.16
13-Jun-2016HalleGrass12.2%1.16
20-Jun-2016NottinghamGrass11.9%1.15
24-Oct-2016BaselHard10.6%1.14
01-Feb-2016MontpellierHard9.9%1.14
03-Oct-2016TokyoHard11.5%1.13
14-Nov-2016Tour FinalsHard10.3%1.11
10-Oct-2016Shanghai MastersHard10.7%1.11
11-Jul-2016NewportGrass10.9%1.10
04-Jan-2016ChennaiHard10.3%1.08
04-Jan-2016BrisbaneHard12.0%1.08
06-Jun-2016s HertogenboschGrass13.9%1.08
08-Feb-2016RotterdamHard9.8%1.07
01-Aug-2016AtlantaHard17.2%1.06
22-Aug-2016Winston-SalemHard10.5%1.06
18-Jul-2016GstaadClay11.3%1.05
27-Jun-2016WimbledonGrass11.8%1.05
03-Oct-2016BeijingHard9.6%1.03
24-Oct-2016ViennaHard12.8%1.02
21-Mar-2016Miami MastersHard10.0%1.01
19-Sep-2016St. PetersburgHard8.5%1.00
17-Oct-2016MoscowHard7.0%0.98
18-Jul-2016KitzbuhelClay6.7%0.98
17-Oct-2016AntwerpHard8.3%0.96
08-Aug-2016Rio OlympicsHard7.1%0.94
04-Apr-2016MarrakechClay8.7%0.93
08-Feb-2016MemphisHard9.0%0.93
15-Feb-2016Delray BeachHard9.2%0.93
29-Aug-2016US OpenHard9.0%0.90
22-Feb-2016DubaiHard9.9%0.88
02-May-2016Madrid MastersClay8.6%0.87
08-Feb-2016Buenos AiresClay7.0%0.87
01-Feb-2016SofiaHard8.1%0.87
04-Apr-2016HoustonClay10.6%0.86
08-Aug-2016Los CabosHard12.2%0.86
22-Feb-2016Sao PauloClay6.6%0.83
22-Feb-2016AcapulcoHard10.5%0.83
07-Mar-2016Indian Wells MastersHard8.2%0.81
15-Feb-2016Rio de JaneiroClay7.4%0.80
16-May-2016NiceClay6.3%0.78
16-May-2016GenevaClay8.3%0.78
09-May-2016Rome MastersClay7.2%0.77
23-May-2016Roland GarrosClay7.5%0.77
17-Oct-2016StockholmHard8.6%0.77
18-Apr-2016BucharestClay6.7%0.76
25-Apr-2016EstorilClay7.4%0.76
18-Jul-2016UmagClay5.4%0.75
25-Apr-2016MunichClay6.4%0.71
11-Apr-2016Monte Carlo MastersClay6.0%0.70
25-Apr-2016IstanbulClay5.7%0.67
11-Jul-2016BastadClay5.4%0.66
18-Apr-2016BarcelonaClay5.6%0.65
11-Jul-2016HamburgClay5.6%0.59