2023 ATP Surface Speed Ratings

My surface-speed metric uses ace rate--adjusted for the servers and returners in each match--to rate each tournament by surface speed. Thus, the number indirectly accounts for everything that influenced play: temperature, humidity, wind, balls, and of course the physical surface.

Ratings greater than 1 are faster than average. For example, a rating of 1.25 indicates that the players hit 25% more aces than they would have on a tour-average surface.

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DateTournamentSurfaceAce%Surface Speed
13-Nov-2023Tour FinalsHard14.8%1.76
12-Jun-2023StuttgartGrass16.5%1.45
27-Nov-2023NextGen FinalsHard12.1%1.30
06-Feb-2023DallasHard13.1%1.29
19-Jun-2023HalleGrass14.0%1.28
09-Jan-2023Adelaide 2Hard13.1%1.25
16-Oct-2023AntwerpHard12.2%1.25
20-Mar-2023Miami MastersHard11.1%1.24
12-Jun-2023s HertogenboschGrass12.3%1.22
02-Jan-2023United CupHard13.1%1.20
24-Jul-2023AtlantaHard12.7%1.20
02-Jan-2023PuneHard11.5%1.19
06-Nov-2023SofiaHard10.6%1.19
23-Oct-2023ViennaHard10.7%1.16
27-Feb-2023DubaiHard12.6%1.15
06-Feb-2023CordobaClay5.5%1.15
09-Jan-2023AucklandHard12.5%1.15
21-Aug-2023Winston-SalemHard10.9%1.15
02-Jan-2023Adelaide 1Hard13.4%1.14
20-Sep-2023ZhuhaiHard11.9%1.14
13-Feb-2023Delray BeachHard9.8%1.12
16-Oct-2023TokyoHard10.6%1.12
20-Feb-2023MarseilleHard13.7%1.12
26-Jun-2023MallorcaGrass10.3%1.12
23-Oct-2023BaselHard11.4%1.11
30-Oct-2023Paris MastersHard11.4%1.10
03-Jul-2023WimbledonGrass10.5%1.10
26-Jun-2023EastbourneGrass8.8%1.10
19-Jun-2023Queen's ClubGrass9.7%1.10
06-Nov-2023MetzHard9.6%1.08
02-Oct-2023Shanghai MastersHard10.3%1.07
07-Aug-2023Canada MastersHard9.4%1.07
20-Feb-2023DohaHard9.4%1.06
16-Jan-2023Australian OpenHard10.8%1.03
25-Sep-2023AstanaHard10.3%1.03
06-Feb-2023MontpellierHard11.8%1.02
28-Aug-2023US OpenHard9.9%1.01
20-Sep-2023ChengduHard10.1%1.00
31-Jul-2023WashingtonHard10.4%1.00
13-Feb-2023RotterdamHard10.5%0.96
16-Oct-2023StockholmHard7.8%0.95
31-Jul-2023KitzbuhelClay8.4%0.95
27-Sep-2023BeijingHard8.0%0.93
03-Apr-2023HoustonClay10.3%0.93
24-Apr-2023Madrid MastersClay8.8%0.92
31-Jul-2023Los CabosHard8.3%0.92
06-Mar-2023Indian Wells MastersHard8.1%0.89
27-Feb-2023SantiagoClay7.4%0.88
22-May-2023GenevaClay9.7%0.88
20-Feb-2023Rio De JaneiroClay5.7%0.87
17-Jul-2023BastadClay5.8%0.86
14-Aug-2023Cincinnati MastersHard8.3%0.80
24-Jul-2023HamburgClay7.0%0.80
17-Jul-2023GstaadClay7.8%0.78
03-Apr-2023EstorilClay6.2%0.70
22-May-2023LyonClay6.1%0.70
13-Feb-2023Buenos AiresClay4.3%0.70
08-May-2023Rome MastersClay6.1%0.69
27-Feb-2023AcapulcoHard6.3%0.68
24-Jul-2023UmagClay5.1%0.67
17-Apr-2023MunichClay6.0%0.63
29-May-2023Roland GarrosClay5.7%0.62
17-Jul-2023NewportGrass6.7%0.62
10-Apr-2023Monte Carlo MastersClay6.3%0.61
03-Apr-2023MarrakechClay5.2%0.59
17-Apr-2023BarcelonaClay4.3%0.51
17-Apr-2023Banja LukaClay4.3%0.48